Ubutaka bwimisozi rwamabuye muri antarctica yibanze ntabwo yigeze ikubiyemo mikorobe.
Bwa mbere, abahanga bavumbuye ko bigaragara ko nta buzima buboneka mu butaka ku isi. Ubutaka buturuka ku misozi mibiri y'imikorere, mu birometero 300 uvuye mu nkingi y'amajyepfo, aho ibirenge by'ibirenge byinjira mu misozi.
Nowa ya Cocorado abivuga ati: "Abantu bahoraga batekereza ko Microbes ariho ubutaka bwe bwo kwiga ikipe. N'ubundi kandi, ibinyabuzima bimwe byaragaragaye kuba mu masaha ya hydrothermal n'ubushyuhe burenze dogere 200 Fahrenheit, mu biyaga munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibirometero muri Antaragitika. Ariko nyuma yumwaka wakazi, ferrer numunyeshuri we wa dogiteri Nicholas Ikiyoka kitarabona ibimenyetso byubuzima mubutaka bwa Antaragitike bakusanyije.
Firer na Drago ubutaka bwize kuva kumisozi 11 itandukanye, bahagarariye ibintu byinshi. Abakomoka mu misozi miremike kandi idakonje ikubiyemo bagiteri na fungi. Ariko mumisozi miremire imwe yo hejuru, yumye kandi ikonje cyane nta bimenyetso byubuzima.
Ferrer ati: "Ntidushobora kuvuga ko ari sterile." Microbiologiste zimenyereye kubona miliyoni za miriyoni mu kiyiko cy'ubutaka. Kubwibyo, umubare muto cyane (urugero 100 selile zifatika) zishobora guhunga gutahura. "Ariko uko tubimenya, ntabwo ari muri mikorobe."
Niba ubutaka bumwe budafite ubuzima bwubuzima cyangwa nyuma bivumburwa no kubamo selile zimwe zarokotse, ibisubizo bishya biherutse gusohoka mu kinyamakuru Jrgrooscients gishobora gufasha mugushakisha ubuzima kuri Mars. Ubutaka bwa antarctike bukonje cyane, buzuye umunyururu, kandi ntabwo bwari bufite amazi menshi mumyaka miriyoni miliyoni ebyiri - bisa nubutaka bwa Martiliya.
Bakusanyirijwe mu gihe cya siyansi y'igihugu cyatewe inkunga muri Mutarama 2018 mu turere two mu misozi mira. Banyuze mu muryango w'imbere mu mugabane, bagatandukanya ikibaya kinini cy'ishoroka mu burasirazuba kuva ku rubura ruto rwo hasi. Abahanga bashinze ibirindiro kuri Shackleton Glacier, umukandara w'ibirometero 60 wo ku mukandara unuka munsi y'imisozi. Bakoresheje kajugujugu baguruka ahantu ho hejuru no gukusanya ingero hejuru no hepfo glacier.
Mu misozi ishyushye, itose munsi yikirere, hagaragaye metero magana hejuru yinyanja, bavumbuye ko ubutaka bwatuwe ninyamaswa ntoya: inyo za microscopique, ibara ryinshi ryinshi. bita ku nkombe. Udukoko dufite amababa. Ubu butaka bwambaye ubusa, Sandy burimo munsi yimyaka igihumbi ingano ya bagiteri iboneka muri nyakatsi ishushanyije neza, bihagije kugirango itange ibiryo kuri herbivores ntoya yihishe munsi yubutaka.
Ariko ibi bimenyetso byubuzima byarashize mugihe ikipe yasuye imisozi miremire cyane muri Glacier. Hejuru ya Glacier, basuye imisozi ibiri - umusozi wa Schroeder na Mount Roberts - birenga metero 7,000 hejuru.
Gusura kumusozi wa Schroeder byari ubugome, yibuka Byron Adams, umuhanga mu binyabuzima muri kaminuza gakirito ya Brigham muri Progi, Utah, wayoboye umushinga. Ubushyuhe kuri uyu munsi wizuba uri hafi ya 0 ° F. Umuyaga woroshye buhoro buhoro urubura na shelegi, hasigara imisozi wambaye ubusa, uhora ubangamira guterura no guta amasuka yubusitani, bari bazanye gucukura umucanga. Ubutaka butwikiriwe mu rutare rutukura rwangijwe n'imyaka amagana ku muyaga n'imiyaga n'imvura, tukayisiga kandi bikaboroga.
Igihe abahanga bazamura urutare, basanga umusingi wacyo wari wuzuyeho igikonjo cy'ubwoya bw'umunyururu, uburozi bw'agateganyo, clorate, na Nitrate. Perphberates na chlorates, Umunyu ugenda ukoreshwa mu kanwa ka roketi n'inganda, nazo ziboneka ku bwinshi hejuru ya Mars. Nta mazi yo koza, umunyu wegeranya kuri ibyo misozi yumye.
Adams yagize ati: "Ni nko gutoranya Mars." Iyo ufashe amasuka muri, "Uzi ko uri ikintu cya mbere cyo guhungabanya ubutaka ubuziraherezo - ahari imyaka miriyoni."
Abashakashatsi babisabye ko no mu bihe byinshi ndetse no mu bihe bikomeye, bari kubona mikorobe mu butaka. Ariko ibyo byiteze byatangiye gucika mu mpera za 2018, igihe ikiyoka cyakoresheje tekinike yitwa Polymeyese reaction (PCR) kugirango imenye neza kwa macrobial. Ikiyoka cyapimwe kuri 204 kumisozi hejuru no munsi ya glacier. Ingero ziva mumisozi yo hepfo, ikonje yatanzwe ADN nyinshi; Ariko ingero nyinshi (20%) ziva mu bushyuhe, harimo cyane n'umusozi wa Schroeder na Roberts Missani, byerekana ko hari mikorobe nkeya cyangwa wenda na gato.
Natekereje nti: "Igihe yatangiraga kunyereka ibisubizo, natekereje nti: 'Ikintu kibi.' Yatekereje ko hagomba kubaho ikintu kibi hamwe nicyitegererezo cyangwa ibikoresho bya laboratoire.
Ikiyoka cyahise gikora urukurikirane rwinyongera ho gushakisha ibimenyetso byubuzima. Yafataga ubutaka glucose kugira ngo arebe niba ibinyabuzima bimwe mu butaka byahinduye kuri dioxyde de carbone. Yagerageje kuvumbura imiti yitwa ATP, ikoreshwa mubuzima bwose kwisi kugirango ubike ingufu. Amezi menshi, yatsimbataje ubutaka mu buryo butandukanye, agerageza kumvisha mikorobe ihita ikura mu bukoloni.
Ferrell yagize ati: "Nick yajugunye igikoni kuri izi ngero." Nubwo ibyo bizageragezo byose, nta kintu na kimwe yabonye mu butaka bumwe. "Biratangaje rwose."
Jacqueline Gurddial, Microbiologue ibidukikije muri kaminuza ya Gueli muri Kanada, yahamagaye ibisubizo "bireshya," cyane cyane imbaraga z'ikiyoka kugira ngo hamenyekane ibintu bidashoboka kubona mikorobe ahantu hose. Yasanze ubwo butumburuke bwo hejuru no hejuru bukabije bwari abafite ubupfura bukomeye bwo kumenya ubuzima. Ati: "Ubu ni bwo buvumbuzi bushimishije. "Ibi bitubwira byinshi ku mipaka y'ubuzima ku isi."
Ntabwo yemeje rwose ko ubutaka bwabo butagira ubuzima, igice kubera uburambe bwe mu kindi gice cya Antaragitika.
Mu myaka itari mike ishize, yize ubutaka butangwa mu misozi mira, ahantu hatandatu mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Shackleton Glacier yiswe Ikibaya cya Kaminuza ishobora kuba idafite ubushyuhe bukomeye cyangwa bushonga imyaka 120.000. Igihe yashingiraga amezi 20 kuri 23 ° F, ubushyuhe busanzwe bwo mu kibaya, ubutaka bwerekanye ibimenyetso byubuzima. Ariko iyo ashyushye ubutaka impamyabumenyi ya dogere nkeya hejuru, bamwe bagaragaje iterambere rya bacteri.
Urugero, abahanga bavumbuye ko selile za bagiteri ziguma ari muzima na nyuma yimyaka ibihumbi mubibarafu. Iyo baguye mu mutego, metabolism ya selile irashobora kugabanya inshuro miriyoni. Bajya muri leta bataki kwiyongera, ariko gusa sana ibyangizwa rya ADN byatewe nimirasire yimpimbano yicara urubura. Goodyear asobanura ko abo "barokotse batinda" bashobora kuba bo mu kibaya cya kaminuza - akeka ko iyo ikiganza kandi ko Firer yari yarasesenguye ubutaka 10, bashobora kuba barabisenguye muri Roberts Massif cyangwa Umusozi wa Schroer.
Brent Christner, who studies Antarctic microbes at the University of Florida in Gainesville, believes these high-altitude, dry soils could help improve the search for life on Mars.
Yavuze ko viking 1 na viking smoft 2, yageze kuri Mars mu 1976, yakoraga ubushakashatsi ku buzima bushingiye ku bushakashatsi bwo kubeshya hafi y'inyanja ya Antaragitika, akarere katwaga ibibaya byumye. Bimwe muribi bihugu biratose kuva mumazi ya melt mu cyi. Ntabwo zirimo microorganis gusa, ariko ahantu hamwe na hamwe nayo inyo ntoya nizindi nyamaswa.
Ibinyuranye, ubutaka bwo hejuru, bwumye bwimisozi Roberts na Umusozi wa Schroeder birashobora gutanga impamvu nziza zo kugerageza mubikoresho bya Marting.
Christner ati: "Ubuso bwa Mars ni bubi cyane." "Nta kinyabuzima ku isi gishobora kubaho hejuru" - byibuze santimetero imwe cyangwa ibiri. Icyogajuru cyose kijyayo mugushakisha ubuzima bigomba kuba biteguye gukorera ahantu hamwe mubi kwisi.
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