Mu myaka yashize, kwihutisha ivugururwa ry’inganda z’ibiribwa, guteza imbere ihinduka ry’inganda no kuzamura, no kubaka gahunda y’inganda zigezweho z’ibiribwa zifite imiterere y’Abashinwa, inganda z’inganda z’ibiribwa mu gihugu ziyongereye cyane, kwagura ibikorwa by’inganda, umusaruro kongera ubushobozi, umusaruro wibikoresho, urwego rwo kwikora narwo rufite ibindi bisabwa.Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byabigenewe bitanga ibikoresho byatangije amahirwe menshi yisoko.
Ukurikije uburyo bwo gutwara abantu ninganda zinyuranye zitanga umusaruro, umurongo uteranya kubera ubushobozi bunini bwogutanga, intera ndende yo kugemura, mubikorwa byumusaruro urashobora kuba ** igipimo cyibikorwa bikomeza kugaruka, kandi bifite injyana ikomeye.Iyinjizwa mubikorwa byo gukora umurongo winteko ni: ibyokurya byuruhererekane rwibiryo, umutwaro wumukandara wibiryo, umutwaro wumukandara wibiryo, ibizunguzungu byibiryo, ibyokurya byokurya hamwe nindobo yindobo.
Ibiribwa umukandara utanga plastike ifite iterambere ryimiturire uko ibintu bimeze
Inzu gakondo ya plastiki ifite amazu yimashini zitwara ibiryo zishingiye kumashanyarazi.Mu myaka yashize, kugirango uhuze nibisabwa byinshi bikenewe cyane cyane ibiribwa, ubuvuzi, ibinyobwa nizindi nganda ku bidukikije, umusaruro wizewe, ibikoresho bikenerwa neza bikomeje kunozwa, ibikoresho bitandukanye bigize plastike irimo amazu bigira uruhare runini cyane uruhare.
Amazu yimyubakire ya plastike hifashishijwe kongeramo fibre yuzuye, irashobora kugera kumurwanya mwinshi wo guhangana, kurwanya ubushyuhe no guhangana n’ibikurura, fibre yibikoresho ubwayo ifite ibintu byiza byo guterana;ongeramo amavuta akomeye, ibikoresho byatoranijwe byatoranijwe hamwe na fibre yibumbiye hamwe bifasha kugabanya guterana amagambo.Amazu yububiko bwa plastiki afite ibintu byiza byo guterana amagambo, ariko kandi afite ubusobanuro buhanitse, kwaguka kwinshi kwumuriro, kwinjiza amazi make, kwihanganira imihangayiko ikabije, kurwanya imigezi nibindi biranga.
Ibikoresho bya plastiki bitwara ibikoresho byamazu, nkubwoko bushya bwibikoresho bya polymer, coeffisiyoneri yo guterana ni nto, uhereye ku gutakaza ibidukikije kwangirika kwangiza ibidukikije, ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bifite ibikoresho byo mu nzu kuruta ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone nibindi bikoresho nko gutwara amazu birwanya kwambara, kandi ifite n'ibiranga kwisiga.Ibisabwa byo kwisiga ni uguhuza hagati ya molekile kuba nto, imiterere ya molekile ya atome itunganijwe neza, hiyongereyeho amavuta yo kwisiga hamwe nuburyo bwo gusiga.Ububiko bwa plastike bufite amazu aringaniye kandi buringaniye cyane, mubyukuri ntibigaragara nkimpagarara, bifite imitungo myiza yo kwisiga hamwe na coefficient nkeya yo guterana amagambo, ukurikije ibyiza gakondo byamazu yububiko bwa plastike hashingiwe kubikorwa byakozwe birashobora gukoreshwa mubisobanuro birambuye cyangwa kubikorwa byihuta byimikorere ya convoyeur.Amazu yububiko bwa plastike arashobora kuba arimo ibikoresho bya alkaline mubidukikije bikora, bigira uruhare runini, ariko ntibikwiye kubidukikije byangirika birimo ibintu bya acide bikora.Amazu yububiko bwa plastiki afite ubukana bwinshi nubukomere, ndetse no mubidukikije bikoresha ubushyuhe buke, imbaraga zo kurwanya ingaruka ni nyinshi.
Amazu ya plastiki ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kandi cy'ingenzi mu bigize umukandara w'ibiribwa utanga imashini no kohereza ibikoresho, mu musaruro w’ibikorwa byohereza bishobora kurushaho kunoza imikorere y’itumanaho ry’ibikoresho, bityo bikagira uruhare mu kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu.Amazu y’imyubakire y’Ubushinwa mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, mu rwego rwo kurushaho kunoza imiturire y’imyororokere kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo gutwara, mu mikorere y’imiturire hamwe n’ibikoresho, bakoze udushya twiza cyane, kandi ikoreshwa rya plastiki yubuhanga kugirango itange amazu yimyubakire.Nyuma yo kwipimisha, amazu afite plastike arakomeye kuruta gukomera no gukomera kwicyuma gisanzwe, bityo kikaba gikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byohereza umukandara wibiribwa no gutanga inganda.
Iyerekwa ryuruziga rumeze nkinyenyeri kubice byohereza umukandara
Uburinganire bwimiterere yimiterere yinziga imeze nkinyenyeri ituma uruziga rumeze nkinyenyeri hamwe ninzira nyinshi zagabanijwe zogukwirakwiza umubumbe, kandi munsi yikwirakwizwa ryumukandara wibiryo, kugirango uruziga rwagati hamwe nimbaraga zizunguruka zishobora kuringaniza, bityo bifashe kugera ku ruhare rwo kunoza imikorere.Gusa ukeneye guhitamo neza ubwoko bwikwirakwizwa ryimibumbe na progaramu ya gare, urashobora gukoresha ibyuma bike hanyuma ukabona igipimo kinini cyo kohereza.
Nkuko uruziga rwinyenyeri rufata ibiziga byinshi bisa, bikwirakwizwa bikikije uruziga rwagati, kugirango imbaraga zidafite imbaraga zumuzingi wumubumbe hamwe nukuboko kuzunguruka gushobora kuringaniza.Muri icyo gihe, bituma kandi umubare w amenyo agira uruhare mukwiyongera, bityo rero kugenda kwimibumbe yimibumbe biroroshye, birwanya imbaraga zo guhungabana no kunyeganyega, bikora byizewe, bityo uruziga rwinyenyeri mubikorwa byo gutanga ibikorwa, rushobora kuba byiza gukora convoyeur ugereranije;icyarimwe, inziga yinyenyeri irwanya ihungabana no kunyeganyega byubushobozi bwo gukomera.
Ibiryo byumukandara wibikoresho byogukwirakwiza inyenyeri mubikoresho, bikoreshwa cyane karburisation na nitriding hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe.Gukora ibikoresho byukuri birenze urwego rutandatu.Ikigaragara ni uko ikoreshwa ryinyo ryinyoye, ibisobanuro bihanitse bifasha kurushaho kunoza ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, kuburyo ubunini bwibikoresho biba bito.
Ubuso bwinyo bukomeye, busobanutse neza.Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mugukora ibiziga byinyenyeri birimo ibyuma byiza byintete birimo ibinure byinshi kandi binakomera.Mugihe ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya bugabanuka, ubukana bwinyo yinyo ntabwo buhinduka cyane, ariko ubukana bwumutima buragabanuka cyane.Kwiyongera kwa karubone na azote yibiziga byinyenyeri birashobora kunoza neza imyambarire no guhangana numunaniro ukabije, kandi ingano ikwiye ya austenite isigaye ifasha kunoza imikoranire yimiterere yubuso, nyuma yubuvuzi bwa karubone na azote, muri kwambara birwanya, guhuza umunaniro imbaraga no guhindura imikorere yimikorere ya deformasiyo, birashobora kuba byiza gukoresha.
Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibiziga byinyenyeri muburyo bwihuta bwohereza, imbaraga zo kohereza nazo nini cyane, ariko kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mugukwirakwiza umuvuduko muke, umutwaro uremereye wohereza umukandara, birashobora kuba byiza kunyuza umuriro munini, ubunini bunini convoyeur, bityo uruziga rumeze nkinyenyeri rukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinganda zikora ibiribwa mubijyanye no gutanga ibikorwa, ariko kandi birashobora gukoreshwa neza mukugabanya umuvuduko, umuvuduko wiyongera umuvuduko wihuta no guhindura umuvuduko hamwe nubundi buryo butandukanye bwo gukwirakwiza imashini. .
Ibiribwa bitanga ibikoresho bikenewe biragenda bikomera
Inganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi ku mukanda wa convoyeur ntabwo zifite inyota gusa ku mubare w’umukandara w’icyuma kandi cyane cyane, urwego rwa siyanse n’ikoranabuhanga n’imikorere, ubuziranenge.Ibi birerekana inzira isobanutse yiterambere ryinganda zitwara abagenzi mu Bushinwa.
Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’ibiribwa mu Bushinwa riherutse gushyira ahagaragara “Gahunda y’iterambere ry’ibikorwa by’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu mwaka wa 2008-2018” ryasabye gushyira imbere iterambere ry’ubwoko 15 bw’ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu mukandara.Ubu bwoko 10 bwibicuruzwa bivuye mubihe nyabyo nibisabwa, hagomba gushyirwa imbere byeri, ibikoresho byuzuza ibinyobwa, kugirango bitezwe imbere toni zirenga 200.000 / yumwaka w’umusaruro w’umurongo w’ibicuruzwa, kugira ngo bikemure ibibazo bya tekiniki by’imashini yandika, imashini yuzuza aseptic ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, gukoresha ingufu nke, gupima neza, kugenzura byikora nibindi biranga ibikorwa byinshi, byikora byuzuye, ibikoresho binini;gukora imifuka, kuzuza no gufunga ibikoresho kugirango utezimbere ibicuruzwa nibikoresho bifasha, kunoza umuvuduko wo gupakira, no kunoza umuvuduko wo gupakira.Ibicuruzwa nibikoresho bifasha kunoza umuvuduko wo gupakira, mugihe bikoreshwa kuri firime imwe no kongera gukora imashini ebyiri zikoreshwa;ibikoresho byo gupakira aseptic, iterambere ryigikombe cya aseptic umukandara muto wa convoyeur, ******;umukino w'iteramakofe, ibikoresho by'iteramakofe, bigomba kwibanda ku iterambere ry'iteramakofe n'ubundi buryo bw'ibikoresho byo gupakira, ibikoresho by'iteramakofe, ibikoresho by'iteramakofe ku bintu bito kugira ngo byongere umuvuduko n'ubwizerwe bw'akazi, kandi byoroshe imiterere.
Muri iki gihe imbere mu gihugu kubera inganda nini n’ibiribwa zikoresha ibikorwa byo guteranya imirongo, mu iterambere ry’umusaruro w’ibikorwa bikomeje kongera ishoramari icyarimwe, ariko kandi bihura n’umusaruro w’inganda zitandukanye zitanga umusaruro.no gutwara ibikenerwa mu bikoresho byohereza ibiribwa, aribyo gushushanya no guteza imbere ibyohereza ibiryo, ibikoresho na convoyeur bihagaze neza nibindi bintu bikenewe cyane.Ukurikije inganda zinyuranye zitanga umusaruro zisabwa, urashobora kugereranya igiciro cyogutanga ibiryo ukurikije ibipimo byogutanga ibiryo, icyitegererezo, ibikoresho nubwoko bwibiryo.
Inganda zitunganya ibiribwa mu Bushinwa zifite ejo hazaza heza, inganda zitanga ibiryo inganda zikora inzira ndende.Inganda zitwara abagenzi mu Bushinwa, benshi mu bakozi ba siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, kugira ngo batinyuke guhanga udushya, bafite ubumenyi mu myigire, kubahiriza udushya mu bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’inganda zitunganya ibiribwa mu Bushinwa zikenewe byihutirwa, bikwiranye n’imiterere y’igihugu mu buryo bwihuse cyane, hejuru umuvuduko, kuzigama ingufu za convoyeur mesh umukanda winganda zibiribwa mubushinwa niterambere ryihuse ryinganda zikoresha ibikoresho kugirango isi itangwe nakazi gakomeye!