Gutandukanya ibikoresho nikibazo cyihariye muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo kubika.Mugihe icyifuzo cyibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge cyiyongera, ikibazo cyo kwigunga cyimigabane kiba gikomeye.
Nkuko twese tubizi, telesikopi ya radial stack convoyeur nigisubizo cyiza cyo gutandukanya ibice.Bashobora gukora ibarura mubice, buri cyiciro kigizwe nibikoresho byinshi.Gukora ibarura muri ubu buryo, convoyeur igomba gukora hafi ubudahwema.Mugihe urujya n'uruza rwa telesikopi rugomba kugenzurwa nintoki, automatike nuburyo bwiza cyane bwo kugenzura.
Automatic retractable convoyeur irashobora gutegurwa kugirango ikore ibarura ryihariye mubunini butandukanye, imiterere n'ibishushanyo.Ihinduka ridafite imipaka rishobora kunoza imikorere muri rusange no gutanga ibicuruzwa byiza.
Ba rwiyemezamirimo bakoresha amamiriyoni yamadorari buri mwaka batanga ibicuruzwa byegeranye kubikorwa bitandukanye.Porogaramu zizwi cyane zirimo ibikoresho fatizo, asfalt na beto.
Inzira yo gukora ibicuruzwa kuriyi porogaramu iragoye kandi ihenze.Ibisobanuro birambuye no kwihanganira bivuze ko akamaro k'ibicuruzwa bigenda birushaho kuba ngombwa.
Ubwanyuma, ibikoresho bivanwa mububiko hanyuma bikajyanwa ahantu bizashyirwa muri subgrade, asfalt cyangwa beto.
Ibikoresho bikenerwa mukwambura, guturika, kumenagura no kwerekana bihenze cyane.Ariko, ibikoresho bigezweho birashobora guhora bitanga igiteranyo ukurikije ibisobanuro.Ibarura rishobora gusa nkigice gito cyinganda zishyizwe hamwe, ariko iyo bikozwe nabi, birashobora kuvamo ibicuruzwa byujuje neza ibisobanuro bitujuje ibisobanuro.Ibi bivuze ko gukoresha uburyo bwo kubika nabi bishobora kuvamo gutakaza bimwe mubiciro byo gukora ibicuruzwa byiza.
Nubwo gushyira ibicuruzwa mububiko bishobora guhungabanya ubuziranenge bwabyo, kubara ni igice cyingenzi mubikorwa rusange.Nuburyo bwo kubika butuma haboneka ibikoresho.Igipimo cy'umusaruro akenshi gitandukanye nigipimo cyibicuruzwa bikenewe kuri porogaramu runaka, kandi kubara bifasha gukora itandukaniro.
Ibarura kandi riha abashoramari umwanya uhagije wo kubika kugirango basubize neza isoko rihindagurika.Kubera inyungu ububiko butanga, bizahora mubice byingenzi mubikorwa rusange byo gukora.Kubwibyo, ababikora bagomba guhora batezimbere tekinoroji yo kubika kugirango bagabanye ingaruka zijyanye no kubika.
Ingingo nyamukuru yiyi ngingo ni ukwigunga.Gutandukanya bisobanurwa nk "gutandukanya ibintu ukurikije ubunini buke".Porogaramu zitandukanye za agregate zisaba amanota yihariye kandi amwe.Gutandukanya biganisha ku itandukaniro rikabije muburyo bwibicuruzwa.
Gutandukana birashobora kugaragara hafi aho ariho hose mugikorwa cyo gukora ibicuruzwa nyuma yo guhonyora, kugenzurwa no kuvangwa mubyiciro bikwiye.
Ahantu ha mbere aho gutandukana bishobora kugaragara ni mubarura (reba Ishusho 1).Ibikoresho bimaze gushyirwa mububiko, amaherezo bizongera gukoreshwa kandi bigezwa aho bizakoreshwa.
Ahantu ha kabiri aho gutandukana bishobora kugaragara ni mugihe cyo gutunganya no gutwara.Iyo bigeze ahahoze asfalt cyangwa beto, igiteranyo gishyirwa muri hoppers na / cyangwa ububiko bwo kubikamo ibicuruzwa bivanwaho bigakoreshwa.
Gutandukana kandi bibaho mugihe cyo kuzuza no gusiba silos na silos.Gutandukanya birashobora kandi kubaho mugihe cyo gukoresha imvange yanyuma kumuhanda cyangwa ubundi buso nyuma yuko igiteranyo kivanze muri asfalt cyangwa beto ivanze.
Igiteranyo cya homogeneous ni ngombwa kugirango habeho umusaruro mwiza wa asfalt cyangwa beto.Imihindagurikire yo gutondekanya igiteranyo gitandukanijwe bituma bidashoboka rwose kubona asfalt cyangwa beto yemewe.
Uduce duto twuburemere bwatanzwe dufite ubuso bunini bwubuso burenze ibice binini byuburemere bumwe.Ibi bitera ibibazo mugihe uhujije igiteranyo cya asfalt cyangwa ivangwa rya beto.Niba ijanisha ryamande muri rusange ari menshi cyane, hazabura minisiteri cyangwa bitumen kandi kuvanga bizaba binini cyane.Niba ijanisha ry'uduce duto duto muri rusange ari hejuru cyane, hazaba harenze urugero rwa minisiteri cyangwa bitumen, kandi guhuza imvange bizaba bito cyane.Umuhanda wubatswe utandukanijwe hamwe ufite uburinganire bwimiterere kandi amaherezo uzagira igihe cyo kubaho kurenza umuhanda wubatswe mubicuruzwa bitandukanijwe neza.
Ibintu byinshi biganisha ku gutandukana mububiko.Kubera ko ibarura ryinshi ryakozwe hifashishijwe imikandara ya convoyeur, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ingaruka zisanzwe zumukandara wa convoyeur mugutondekanya ibintu.
Mugihe umukandara wimura ibikoresho hejuru yumukandara wa convoyeur, umukandara uratemba gato nkuko uzunguruka hejuru ya pulley idakora.Ibi biterwa nubunebwe buke mumukandara hagati ya buri pulley idler.Uru rugendo rutera uduce duto gutura munsi yumusaraba wibikoresho.Gupfundikira ibinyampeke bikabije bikomeza hejuru.
Ibikoresho bimaze kugera kumuzinga wo gusohora umukandara wa convoyeur, bimaze gutandukana igice kinini mubintu binini hejuru hamwe nibikoresho bito hepfo.Iyo ibikoresho bitangiye kugenda bikurikira umurongo wikiziga gisohoka, ibice byo hejuru (hanze) bigenda kumuvuduko mwinshi kuruta ibice byo hasi (imbere).Iri tandukaniro ryihuta noneho ritera ibice binini kwimuka kure ya convoyeur mbere yo kugwa kumurongo, mugihe uduce duto tugwa kuruhande rwa convoyeur.
Na none, birashoboka cyane ko uduce duto twizirika ku mukandara wa convoyeur kandi ntusohore kugeza igihe umukandara wa convoyeur ukomeje guhuhuta ku ruziga rusohoka.Ibi bivamo byinshi byiza bigenda bisubira inyuma imbere yikibaho.
Iyo ibintu biguye kumurongo, ibice binini bigira umuvuduko mwinshi kuruta utuntu duto.Ibi bitera ibintu bito kugirango bikomeze kumanuka byoroshye kuruta ibintu byiza.Ibikoresho byose, binini cyangwa bito, bigenda munsi yimpande bita isuka.
Isuka nimwe mumpamvu nyamukuru yo gutandukanya imigabane kandi igomba kwirindwa igihe cyose bishoboka.Mugihe isuka itangiye kumanuka kumurongo wibyangiritse, ibice binini bikunda kumanuka hejuru yuburebure bwose, mugihe ibintu byiza bikunda gutura kumpande zumunyago.Kubera iyo mpamvu, uko isuka igenda itera kumpande yikirundo, uduce duto kandi duto duto tuguma mubintu byinjira.
Iyo ibikoresho bigeze kumpera yo hepfo cyangwa urutoki rwikirundo, bigizwe ahanini nibice binini.Isuka itera amacakubiri akomeye, agaragara mugice cyimigabane.Urutoki rwo hanze rwikirundo rugizwe nibikoresho bitobito, mugihe ikirundo cyimbere ninyuma kigizwe nibikoresho byiza.
Imiterere yibice nayo igira uruhare mu ngaruka.Ibice byoroshye cyangwa bizengurutse birashoboka cyane ko byamanuka kumurongo wa stack kuruta uduce duto duto, ubusanzwe buringaniye.Kurenga imipaka birashobora kandi kwangiza ibintu.Iyo ibice byamanutse kuruhande rumwe rwikirundo, biranyerera.Iyi myambarire izatera bimwe mubice kumeneka kugeza mubunini.
Umuyaga niyindi mpamvu yo kwigunga.Ibikoresho bimaze kuva mu mukandara wa convoyeur hanyuma bigatangira kugwa mu kirindiro, umuyaga ugira ingaruka ku nzira yo kugenda kwingingo zingana.Umuyaga ufite uruhare runini kubikoresho byoroshye.Ibi ni ukubera ko igipimo cyubuso bwubuso hamwe nubunini bwibice bito biruta iby'ibice binini.
Birashoboka ko gutandukana mububiko bishobora gutandukana bitewe nubwoko bwibikoresho mububiko.Ikintu cyingenzi cyane mubijyanye no gutandukanya ni urugero rwubunini bwibice bihinduka mubintu.Ibikoresho bifite ubunini bunini butandukanye bizagira urwego rwo hejuru rwo gutandukanya mugihe cyo kubika.Amategeko rusange yintoki ni uko niba igipimo cyubunini bunini nubunini buto burenze 2: 1, hashobora kubaho ibibazo byo gutandukanya paki.Kurundi ruhande, niba ingano yubunini bugereranije iri munsi ya 2: 1, gutandukanya amajwi ni bike.
Kurugero, subgrade ibikoresho birimo ibice bigera kuri 200 mesh birashobora gusenyuka mugihe cyo kubika.Ariko, mugihe ubitse ibintu nkibuye ryogejwe, insulasiyo izaba nto.Kubera ko umucanga mwinshi utose, akenshi birashoboka kubika umucanga utatandukanije ibibazo.Ubushuhe butera ibice bifatanyiriza hamwe, bikarinda gutandukana.
Iyo ibicuruzwa bibitswe, kwigunga rimwe na rimwe ntibishoboka gukumira.Uruhande rwinyuma rwikirundo cyarangiye rugizwe ahanini nibikoresho bito, mugihe imbere yikirundo harimo ubunini bwibintu byiza.Mugihe ufata ibikoresho uhereye kumpera yibi birundo, birakenewe gufata ibibanza ahantu hatandukanye kugirango uvange ibikoresho.Niba ufashe ibikoresho gusa imbere cyangwa inyuma yumurongo, uzabona ibintu byose bituzuye cyangwa ibintu byiza byose.
Hariho amahirwe yo kwiyongera mugihe wapakira amakamyo.Ni ngombwa ko uburyo bwakoreshejwe budatera kurengerwa.Fata imbere yikamyo mbere, hanyuma inyuma, hanyuma amaherezo.Ibi bizagabanya ingaruka zo kurenza urugero mu gikamyo.
Uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo nyuma yububiko ni ingirakamaro, ariko intego igomba kuba iyo gukumira cyangwa kugabanya akato mugihe cyo gukora ibarura.Inzira zifasha mukurinda kwigunga zirimo:
Iyo ishyizwe ku gikamyo, igomba guhunikwa neza mubice bitandukanye kugirango igabanye isuka.Ibikoresho bigomba guhurizwa hamwe ukoresheje umutwaro, kuzamura uburebure bwindobo no guta, bizavanga ibikoresho.Niba umutware agomba kwimuka no kumena ibikoresho, ntugerageze kubaka ibirundo binini.
Kubaka ibarura mubice birashobora kugabanya amacakubiri.Ubu bwoko bwububiko burashobora kubakwa hamwe na bulldozer.Niba ibikoresho bigezwa ku mbuga, bulldozer igomba gusunika ibikoresho murwego ruhanamye.Niba igipande cyubatswe n'umukandara wa convoyeur, bulldozer igomba gusunika ibikoresho mubice bitambitse.Ibyo ari byo byose, hagomba kwitonderwa kudasunika ibikoresho hejuru y ikirundo.Ibi birashobora gutuma umuntu arengerwa, nimwe mumpamvu nyamukuru yo gutandukana.
Gushyira hamwe na buldozeri bifite umubare mubi.Ingaruka ebyiri zingenzi ni ugutesha agaciro ibicuruzwa no kwanduza.Ibikoresho biremereye bikora ubudahwema kubicuruzwa bizahuza kandi bijanjagure ibikoresho.Mugihe ukoresheje ubu buryo, ababikora bagomba kwitonda kugirango badatesha agaciro ibicuruzwa kugirango bagabanye ibibazo byo gutandukana.Imirimo n'ibikoresho by'inyongera bisabwa akenshi bituma ubu buryo buhenze cyane, kandi ababikora bagomba kwitandukanya mugihe cyo gutunganya.
Imiyoboro ya radiyo ifasha kugabanya ingaruka zo gutandukana.Nkuko ibarura ryirundanyije, convoyeur igenda ibumoso n'iburyo.Mugihe convoyeur igenda ikabije, impera yibirindiro, mubisanzwe mubikoresho bito, bizaba bitwikiriye ibintu byiza.Intoki zimbere ninyuma zizakomeza kuba zikaze, ariko ikirundo kizavangwa kuruta ikirundo cya cones.
Hariho isano itaziguye hagati yuburebure no kugwa kubuntu kubintu nurwego rwo gutandukanya bibaho.Mugihe uburebure bwiyongera hamwe na trayektori yibintu bigwa bigenda byiyongera, hariho kwiyongera gutandukanya ibintu byiza kandi bito.Impinduka z'uburebure rero ni ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya amacakubiri.Ku cyiciro cyambere, convoyeur igomba kuba mumwanya muto.Intera igana kumutwe igomba guhora ari mugufi bishoboka.
Kugwa kubusa kuva kumukandara wa convoyeur kumurongo ni indi mpamvu yo gutandukana.Ingazi zamabuye zigabanya gutandukanya mugukuraho ibintu-bigwa kubusa.Ingazi zamabuye nuburyo butuma ibintu bitemba kumanuka kurwego.Nibyiza ariko bifite aho bigarukira.
Gutandukana guterwa numuyaga birashobora kugabanuka ukoresheje chute ya telesikopi.Utumenyetso twa telesikopi tuvana ku bisohokayandikiro bya convoyeur, kuva ku gishishwa kugera ku kirindiro, kurinda umuyaga no kugabanya ingaruka zabyo.Niba byateguwe neza, birashobora kandi kugabanya kugwa kubintu byubusa.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, hamaze gukingirwa umukandara wa convoyeur mbere yo kugera aho isohoka.Mubyongeyeho, iyo ibikoresho bisize umukandara wa convoyeur, habaho gutandukana.Uruziga rwa paddle rushobora gushyirwaho aho rusohokera kugirango rusubiremo ibi bikoresho.Inziga zizunguruka zifite amababa cyangwa padi zinyura kandi zivanga inzira yibikoresho.Ibi bizagabanya amacakubiri, ariko gutesha agaciro ibintu ntibishobora kwemerwa.
Gutandukana birashobora gusaba ikiguzi gikomeye.Ibarura ridahuye nibisobanuro rishobora kuvamo ibihano cyangwa kwangwa kubarura byose.Niba ibikoresho bidahuye bigezwa kurubuga rwakazi, ihazabu irashobora kurenga $ 0.75 kuri toni.Amafaranga yumurimo nibikoresho byo gusana ibirundo bidafite ireme akenshi birabujijwe.Igiciro cyisaha yo kubaka ububiko hamwe na buldozeri nuwayikoresheje birenze igiciro cyumuyoboro wa telesikopi wikora, kandi ibikoresho birashobora kubora cyangwa kwanduzwa kugirango bikurikirane neza.Ibi bigabanya agaciro k'ibicuruzwa.Byongeye kandi, iyo ibikoresho nka bulldozer bikoreshwa mubikorwa bidatanga umusaruro, hari ikiguzi cyamahirwe ajyanye no gukoresha ibikoresho mugihe byashyizwe mumutwe kubikorwa byumusaruro.
Ubundi buryo burashobora gufatwa kugirango hagabanuke ingaruka zo kwigunga mugihe cyo gukora ibarura mubikorwa aho kwigunga bishobora kuba ikibazo.Ibi birimo gutondekanya mubice, aho buri cyiciro kigizwe nurukurikirane rwibice.
Mu gice cya stack, buri gice cyerekanwe nkumwanya muto.Gutandukana biracyabaho kuri buri kirundo cyumuntu bitewe ningaruka zimwe zaganiriweho mbere.Nyamara, uburyo bwo kwigunga busubirwamo kenshi hejuru yumusaraba wose wikirundo.Ibice nkibi bivugwa ko bifite "gucamo ibice" binini kubera ko icyerekezo cya discret gradient gisubiramo kenshi mugihe gito.
Mugihe cyo gutunganya ibirindiro hamwe nu mutwaro wimbere, nta mpamvu yo kuvanga ibikoresho, kuko akantu kamwe karimo uduce twinshi.Iyo igipande cyagaruwe, ibice byihariye biragaragara (reba Ishusho 2).
Ibice birashobora gushirwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo kubika.Inzira imwe nugukoresha ikiraro nogusohora convoyeur sisitemu, nubwo ubu buryo bubereye gusa porogaramu zihagarara.Ikibazo gikomeye cya sisitemu ya convoyeur ihagaze ni uko uburebure bwazo busanzwe butunganijwe, bushobora gutuma umuyaga utandukana nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru.
Ubundi buryo ni ugukoresha telesikopi.Imiyoboro ya telesikopi itanga uburyo bunoze bwo gukora ibirindiro kandi akenshi bikundwa na sisitemu ihagaze kuko ishobora kwimurwa mugihe bikenewe, kandi ibyinshi byashizweho kugirango bitwarwe mumuhanda.
Imiyoboro ya telesikopi igizwe na convoyeur (convoyeur izamu) yashyizwe imbere muri convoyeur yo hanze ifite uburebure bumwe.Impanuro ya convoyeur irashobora kugenda kumurongo muburebure bwa convoyeur yo hanze kugirango ihindure umwanya wa plingi yipakurura.Uburebure bwuruziga rusohoka hamwe na radiyo yumwanya wa convoyeur birahinduka.
Guhindura inyabutatu yibiziga bipakurura ni ngombwa kugirango habeho ibirundo byatsinze amacakubiri.Sisitemu ya winch sisitemu ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kwagura no gukuramo ibyokurya.Imiyoboro ya radiyo ya convoyeur irashobora gukorwa na sisitemu yumunyururu hamwe na sisitemu ya sisitemu cyangwa na moteri yimibumbe itwarwa namazi.Uburebure bwa convoyeur busanzwe buhindurwa no kwagura silindari ya telesikopi.Izi ngendo zose zigomba kugenzurwa kugirango zihite zikora ibirundo byinshi.
Umuyoboro wa telesikopi ufite uburyo bwo gukora ibice byinshi.Kugabanya ubujyakuzimu bwa buri cyiciro bizafasha kugabanya gutandukana.Ibi birasaba convoyeur gukomeza kugenda nkuko ibarura ryiyongera.Gukenera guhora kwimuka bituma biba ngombwa guhinduranya telesikopi.Hariho uburyo bwinshi butandukanye bwo gukoresha, bumwe murubwo buhendutse ariko bufite aho bugarukira, mugihe ubundi burashobora gutegurwa neza kandi butanga ibintu byoroshye muguhanga ibarura.
Iyo convoyeur itangiye kwegeranya ibintu, iragenda cyane mugihe itwara ibintu.Convoyeur iragenda kugeza igihe imipaka ntarengwa yashyizwe kuri shitingi ya convoyeur itangirira kumuhanda wa radiyo.Imbarutso ishyirwa bitewe n'uburebure bwa arc uyikoresha ashaka ko umukandara wa convoyeur wimuka.Kuri ubu, convoyeur izagera ku ntera yagenwe kandi itangire kugenda mu kindi cyerekezo.Iyi nzira irakomeza kugeza igihe umurongo wa convoyeur waguwe kugeza igihe kinini cyagutse kandi igice cya mbere kirangiye.
Iyo urwego rwa kabiri rwubatswe, inama itangira gusubira inyuma kuva kwaguka kwayo kwinshi, kugenda bikabije kandi bigasubira kumupaka wa arcuate.Wubake ibice kugeza igihe uhinduranya ushyizwe kumuziga ushyigikiwe nikirundo.
Convoyeur izamuka intera yashyizweho hanyuma itangire kuzamura kabiri.Buri kizamura gishobora kuba kigizwe nibice byinshi, bitewe n'umuvuduko wibikoresho.Kuzamura kabiri bisa nibya mbere, nibindi kugeza igihe ikirundo cyose cyubatswe.Igice kinini cyikirundo cyavuyemo ntigishobora kwigunga, ariko hariho amasoko menshi kumpera ya buri kirundo.Ibi ni ukubera ko imikandara ya convoyeur idashobora guhita ihindura umwanya wimipaka ntarengwa cyangwa ibintu byakoreshejwe mukubikora.Guhindura imipaka ntarengwa bigomba guhindurwa kugirango ibirenga bitashyingura shitingi.