Gutandukana kw'ibikoresho nigisubizo kidasanzwe mubuhanga bubitse. Nkibisabwa ibicuruzwa byinshi byiyongera, ikibazo cyo kwigunga imigabane kiba ikaze.
Nkuko twese tubizi, telecopique stal stack convoepor nicyo gisubizo cyiza cyo gutandukana. Barashobora gukora ibarura mubice, buri gice gigizwe nibikoresho byinshi. Gushiraho ibarura muri ubu buryo, convoyer igomba kwiruka hafi. Mugihe kugenda kwa teleziya ya telesikopi bigomba kugenzurwa n'intoki, Automatic ni uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura.
Gusubiramo mu buryo bwikora birashobora gutegurwa kugirango ukore ibarura ryibiciro muburyo butandukanye, imiterere n'ibiboneza. Ibi hafi yubushobozi buke bugabanuka burashobora kunoza imikorere rusange no gutanga ibicuruzwa byingenzi.
Abashoramari bakoresha miliyoni z'amadolari buri mwaka batanga ibicuruzwa bitangaje kugirango bakoreshe ibintu bitandukanye. Porogaramu izwi cyane harimo ibikoresho fatizo, asfalt na beto.
Inzira yo gukora ibicuruzwa kuri porogaramu iragoye kandi ihenze. Ibisobanuro no kwihanganira bivuze ko akamaro k'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bigenda cyane.
Ubwanyuma, ibikoresho bikurwaho mubigega kandi bitwarwa ahantu hazashyirwa muri resgrade, asfalt cyangwa beto.
Ibikoresho bisabwa kwiyambura, guturika, guhonyora no gusuzuma bihenze cyane. Ariko, ibikoresho byateye imbere birashobora guhora bitanga umusaruro ukurikije ibisobanuro. Ibarura rishobora gusa nkigice cyo gukora ubusa, ariko niba gikozwe nabi, birashobora kuvamo ibicuruzwa byubahiriza amakuru ntabwo asobanura. Ibi bivuze ko gukoresha uburyo butari bwo bwo kubika bushobora kuvamo kugabanya bimwe mu biciro byo gukora ibicuruzwa byiza.
Nubwo gushyira ibicuruzwa byibarutse birashobora guhungabanya ireme ryayo, ibarura ni igice cyingenzi mubikorwa rusange. Nuburyo bwo kubika butuma ibikoresho biboneka. Igipimo cyumusaruro akenshi gitandukanye nigipimo cyibicuruzwa bikenewe kugirango usabe, kandi kubara bifasha bigize itandukaniro.
Ibarura kandi riha abashoramari umwanya uhagije wo gusubiza neza kubisabwa ku isoko ryihindagurika. Kubera inyungu kubika ibika, bizahora ari igice cyingenzi cyibikorwa rusange. Kubwibyo, abakora bagomba guhora batezimbere tekinomberi zabo zo kubuza kugirango bagabanye ingaruka zijyanye nububiko.
Ingingo nyamukuru yiyi ngingo ni kwigunga. Gutandukanya bisobanuwe nk "Gutandukanya ibikoresho ukurikije ingano ya ( Gusaba bitandukanye bya Acgrerwit bisaba amanota yihariye kandi angana. Gutandukanya biganisha ku gutandukana gukabije mubicuruzwa.
Gutandukanya birashobora kubaho hafi aho ariho muburyo bwo gukora ibijyanye na rusange nyuma yuko ibicuruzwa byajanjaguwe, byerekanwe kandi bivanze ku makarita meza.
Umwanya wa mbere aho ishyano rishobora kubaho aribarura (reba ishusho 1). Ibikoresho bimaze gushyirwa kubabazwa, amaherezo bizasubirwamo kandi bigashyikirizwa aho bizakoreshwa.
Umwanya wa kabiri aho gutandukana bishobora kubaho ni mugihe cyo gutunganya no gutwara abantu. Rimwe kurubuga rwa asfalt cyangwa igihingwa cya beto, igiteranyo gishyirwa muri hoppers na / cyangwa imiti yo kubikamo ibicuruzwa bifatwa kandi bikoreshwa.
Gutandukana nabyo bibaho mugihe wuzuza kandi usiba silos na silos. Gutandukanya birashobora no kubaho mugihe cyo gusaba kuvanga kumuhanda cyangwa ubundi buso nyuma yo kuvanga kuva asfalt cyangwa kuvanga bifatika.
Guhuza ibitsina ni ngombwa kugirango umusaruro wimphalt yo hejuru cyangwa beto. Ihindagurika mu manota igishushanyo mbonera gituma bidashoboka kubona asfalt yemewe cyangwa beto.
Ibice bito byuburemere bufite ubuso bunini kuruta ibice binini byuburemere bumwe. Ibi bitera ibibazo mugihe uhuza igiteranyo muri asfalt cyangwa imvange. Niba ijanisha ryamande muri rusange riri hejuru cyane, hazabaho kubura minisiteri cyangwa bitumen no kuvanga bizaba umubyimba cyane. Niba ijanisha ryibice bifatanye muri rusange ari hejuru cyane, hazabaho ibirenze minisiteri cyangwa bitumen, kandi guhuza imvange bizananutse cyane. Imihanda yubatswe kuva mu gitsina cyatandukanijwe ifite ubusugire bubi kandi amaherezo izagira icyorezo cyo hasi kuruta umuhanda utandukanijwe neza.
Ibintu byinshi biganisha ku guhuza ububiko. Kubera ko ibarura cyane ryakozwe hakoreshejwe imikandari, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ingaruka ziranga imikandara yo gutondeka ibintu.
Nkuko umukandara wimura ibintu hejuru yumukandara wa convestior, umukandara wimuka gato nkuko uzunguruka hejuru ya pulley. Ibi biterwa no gucika gato mumukandara hagati ya buri pulley. Uyu mutwe utera uduce duto gutura munsi yicyiciro cyambukiranya ibikoresho. Kuzuza ibinyampeke bibabaje bituma hejuru.
Bikimara kugera ku ruziga rusohoka mu mukandara wa convoyeur, bimaze gutandukana igice n'ibikoresho binini hejuru n'ibikoresho bito hepfo. Iyo ibikoresho bitangiye kugenda kumurongo wo gusohoka, hejuru (hanze) kwimuka kumuvuduko mwinshi kuruta ibice biri hasi (imbere. Iri tandukaniro ryihuta noneho ritera ibice binini kuva muri convoyer mbere yo kugwa kumutwe, mugihe uduce duto tugwa iruhande rwa convoye.
Kandi, birashoboka cyane ko uduce duto tuzakomeza umukandara wa convoyer kandi ntukaremerwe kugeza umukandara wa convoyeur ukomeje umuyaga wikiziga. Ibi bivamo ibice byiza byinshi bisubira imbere yimbere.
Iyo ibikoresho biguye kumurongo, ibice binini bifite umwanya munini kuruta ibice bito. Ibi bitera ibintu biteye ubwoba kugirango bikomeze kugenda byoroshye kuruta ibikoresho byiza. Ibikoresho byose, binini cyangwa bito, biruka kumpande yintebe yitwa isuka.
Isuka nimwe mumpamvu nyamukuru zitera gutandukana kandi zigomba kwirindwa igihe cyose bishoboka. Nkuko isuka itangira kunyeganyeza iminyago, ibice binini bikunze kuzunguruka uburebure bwumusozi, mugihe ibikoresho byiza bikunda gutura kumpande zuminyago. Kubwibyo, nkuko isuka itera imbere kuruhande rwibirundo, ibice bike kandi bike bitandukanye biguma mubintu bikamba.
Iyo ibikoresho bigera kumpera yo hasi cyangwa hejuru yikirundo, bigizwe cyane nibice binini. Isuka itera gutandukanya ibintu bikomeye, bigaragara mu gice cyimigabane. Amano yo hanze yikirundo igizwe nibintu bya coarser, mugihe ikirundo cyimbere nacyo kigizwe nibintu byiza.
Imiterere yibice nayo itanga ingaruka. Ibice biroroshye cyangwa bizengurutse birashoboka cyane kuzunguruka ahantu hagaragara kuruta ibice byiza, mubisanzwe bingana. Kurenga imipaka birashobora kandi kuganisha ku kwangirika kubikoresho. Iyo ibice bimanura uruhande rumwe rwibirundo, bakubitana. Iyi myambaro izatera bimwe mubice byo gusenyuka mubunini buto.
Umuyaga ni indi mpamvu yo kwigunga. Ibikoresho bimaze kuva umukandara wa convoye kandi utangira kugwa mumurongo, umuyaga ugira ingaruka kumirongo yurugendo rwibice bitandukanye. Umuyaga ufite imbaraga zikomeye kubikoresho byoroshye. Ibi ni ukubera ko ikigereranyo cyo hejuru kijya mu masasu mato aruta ibyo binini binini.
Birashoboka ko kugabanyirizwa kubarura birashobora gutandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bwibikoresho mububiko. Ikintu cyingenzi kijyanye no gutandukanya ni urwego runini rwinshi ruhinduka mubikoresho. Ibikoresho hamwe nubunini bunini butandukanye buzaba bafite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gutandukanya mugihe cyo kubika. Itegeko rusange ryigikumwe ni uko ikigereranyo cyuburebure bunini ku bunini buto burenze 2: 1, hashobora kubaho ibibazo mu masanyi y'ibikorwa. Kurundi ruhande, niba igipimo cy'ibipimo kiri munsi ya 2: 1, amacakubiri y'ijwi ni make.
Kurugero, ibikoresho byo kugandukira birimo ibice bigera kuri 200 bishobora gucyakira mugihe cyo kubika. Ariko, mugihe cyo kubika ibintu nko gukaraba ibuye, insulation izaba nto. Kubera ko benshi mu mucanga bitose, akenshi birashoboka kubika umucanga nta kibazo cyo gutandukana. Ubushuhe butera uduce dufatanye, kwirinda gutandukana.
Iyo ibicuruzwa bibitswe, kwigunga rimwe na rimwe ntibishoboka gukumira. Imbere yinyuma yikirundo iragizwe ahanini nibikoresho biteye ubwoba, mugihe imbere yikirundo kirimo ibintu byinshi byibanda kubikoresho byiza. Mugihe ufata ibikoresho uhereye kumpera yibi birundo nkibi, birakenewe gufatanyabukwa ahantu hatandukanye kugirango tubukire ibikoresho. Niba ufashe ibikoresho gusa uhereye imbere cyangwa inyuma yumurongo, uzabona ibintu byose bikabije cyangwa ibikoresho byiza byose.
Hariho kandi amahirwe yo kwipimisha yinyongera mugihe upakira amakamyo. Ni ngombwa ko uburyo bwakoreshejwe budatera kurenga. Fungura imbere yikamyo mbere, hanyuma inyuma, hanyuma hagati. Ibi bizagabanya ingaruka zo kurenga mu gikamyo.
Nyuma yo gukora nyuma yo gukora uburyo bunoze ni ingirakamaro, ariko intego igomba kuba kugirango yirinde cyangwa kugabanya imisoro mugihe cyo kurema. Inzira zifasha zo gukumira kwigunga zirimo:
Iyo bishyizwe ku gikamyo, bigomba gutondekwa neza muburyo butandukanye kugirango ugabanye spillage. Ibikoresho bigomba gukemurwa hamwe ukoresheje umutwaro, kuzura muburebure bwindobo bwuzuye no guta, bizavanga ibikoresho. Niba umutwaro agomba kwimuka no kumena ibikoresho, ntugerageze kubaka ibirundo binini.
Kubaka ibarura mubice birashobora kugabanya amacakubiri. Ubu bwoko bwububiko bushobora kubakwa hamwe na buldozer. Niba ibikoresho byagejejwe ku gikari, Bulldozer agomba gusunika ibikoresho mukice gihanamye. Niba ibirindiro byubatswe numukandara wa convoyeur, Bulldozer agomba gusunika ibikoresho mumaze mari. Ibyo ari byo byose, hagomba kwitabwaho kutagusunika ibintu hejuru yikirundo. Ibi birashobora kuganisha kurenga, nimwe mumpamvu nyamukuru zo gutandukana.
Kwishora hamwe na bulldozers bifite ibibi byinshi. Ingaruka ebyiri zingenzi ni ugutezimbere ibicuruzwa no kwanduza. Ibikoresho biremereye Gukora ubudahwema kubicuruzwa bizasakara kandi bisenya ibikoresho. Mugihe ukoresheje ubu buryo, abakora bagomba kwitonda kugirango badashobora kurenza ibicuruzwa mugushaka kugabanya ibibazo byo gutandukana. Umurimo w'inyongera kandi ibikoresho bisabwa akenshi bituma ubu buryo buhenze, kandi abakora ibicuruzwa bagomba kwitaba mugihe cyo gutunganya.
Imirongo ya Radial Yishora ifasha kugabanya ingaruka zo gutandukana. Nka Ibarura ryerure, Umunyamerika yimuka cyane ibumoso n'iburyo. Nkuko convous yimuye cyane, impera yibimenyetso, mubisanzwe byibikoresho biteye ubwoba, bizaba bitwikiriye ibintu byiza. Imbere n'inyuma bizakomeza kuba bibi, ariko ikirundo kizaba kivanze kuruta ikirundo cya cones.
Hariho umubano utaziguye hagati yuburebure no kugwa kubuntu kubikoresho nurwego rwo gutandukanya. Mugihe uburebure bwiyongera kandi inzira yibikoresho byaguye byagutse, hariho gutandukana kwiyongera kubikoresho byiza kandi biteye ubwoba. Uburebure rero buhinduka imitwe nubundi buryo bwo kugabanya gutandukana. Ku cyiciro cyambere, convoyeri igomba kuba mumwanya wo hasi. Intera kumutwe pulley igomba guhora ari kuguza bishoboka.
Ubuntu-Kugwa muri Convestior umukandara kumurongo ni indi mpamvu yo gutandukana. Ingazi zamabuye zigabanya amacakubiri akuraho ibikoresho-byubusa. Ingazi z'amabuye ni imiterere yemerera ibikoresho gutemba hasi ku kirundo. Ifite akamaro ariko ifite ibyifuzo bike.
Gutandukana biterwa numuyaga birashobora kugabanywa ukoresheje inkuba za telesikopi. Inkumi ya telesikopi ku isohoka rya convelaor, yaguye kuva ku gisile kugera ku gikari, aringa umuyaga kandi agarure ingaruka. Niba byateguwe neza, birashobora kandi kugabanya kugwa kubuntu.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, hakiri umukandara wa convoyeri mbere yo kugera kubisobanuro. Byongeye kandi, iyo ibikoresho bivuye muri convoye umukandara, habaho amacakubiri. Uruziga rwa paddle rushobora gushyirwaho mu cyerekezo cyo gusubiramo ibi bikoresho. Kuzunguruka ibiziga bifite amababa cyangwa padinyura bikanyura kandi bivange inzira yibikoresho. Ibi bizagabanya amacakubiri, ariko gutesha agaciro ibintu ntibishobora kwemerwa.
Gutandukana birashobora gusaba ibiciro byingenzi. Ibarura ridahuye nibisobanuro bishobora kuvamo ibihano cyangwa kwanga ibarura ryibarura. Niba ibintu bidahuye bitangwa kurubuga rwakazi, ihazabu irashobora kurenga $ 0.75 kuri toni. Ibiciro byibikoresho byo gusangira ibirundo byiza bikunze kubuzwa. Igiciro cyisaha yo kubaka ububiko hamwe na buldozer hamwe numukoresha urenze ikiguzi cya teleyati yikora, kandi ibikoresho birashobora kubora cyangwa kwanduza kugirango ukomeze gutondeka neza. Ibi bigabanya agaciro k'ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, mugihe ibikoresho nka bulldozer bikoreshwa mubikorwa bidafite umusaruro, hari igiciro cyamahirwe kijyanye no gukoresha ibikoresho mugihe cyashyizwe mubyanditswe mubikorwa.
Ubundi buryo burashobora gufatwa kugirango bugabanye ingaruka zo kwigunga mugihe ushizeho ibarura aho kwigunga bishobora kuba ikibazo. Ibi birimo kwishora mubice, aho buri gice gigizwe nuruhererekane rwibimenyetso.
Mu gice cya Stack, buri gikari cyerekanwa nka miniature. Gutandukana biracyabaho kuri buri kirundo cya buri muntu kubera ingaruka zimwe zaganiriweho mbere. Ariko, uburyo bwigumba burasubirwamo kenshi hejuru yingingo yose yambukiranya ikirundo. Ibishishwa nkibi bivugwa ko bifite byinshi "kugabanywa" kuko uburyo bwa Gradient Devete asubiramo kenshi mugihe gito.
Mugihe utunganyirizwa hamwe nu mutwaro wimbere, nta mpamvu yo kuvanga ibikoresho, nkuko bisanzwe birimo ibishishwa byinshi. Iyo ibirindiro byagaruwe, ibice bya buri muntu bigaragarira neza (reba Ishusho 2).
Ibikoresho birashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo kubika. Inzira imwe ni ugukoresha ikiraro na sisitemu ya convelaor gahunda, nubwo iyi nzira ibereye gusa gusaba. Ibibi bikomeye bya sisitemu ihagaze ni uko uburebure bwabo busanzwe bukemurwa, bushobora gutuma umuyaga utandukana nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru.
Ubundi buryo nugukoresha teleziya ya telesikopi. Abatesitori ba telesikopi batanga uburyo bwiza cyane bwo gukora ibirindiro kandi akenshi bakundwa kuri sisitemu zihagarara mugihe zishobora kumenwa mugihe bikenewe, kandi benshi bagenewe gutwarwa mumuhanda.
Abatesitori ba telesikopi bagizwe nabayobozi (abarinzi bashinze imbere muri convoeur oure yuburebure. Impanuro ya convelator irashobora kwimuka kumurongo wuburebure bwa convoyeri yo hanze kugirango uhindure umwanya wo gupakurura pulley. Uburebure bw'uruziga rwo gusohoka kandi umwanya wa radiyo wa convoyeur ni impinduka.
Ihinduka rya Triaxial ryibikururuka ni ngombwa mugukora ibirundo byumvikanye byatsinze itandukanya. Sisitemu ya Rope Winch isanzwe ikoreshwa no gusubiranamo imigereka. Kugenda kwa Clatial ya convoyer birashobora gukorwa na sisitemu yumurongo hamwe na sprocket cyangwa kubijyanye na planetnary. Uburebure bwa convoyeri busanzwe bwahinduwe no kwagura amatori ya telesikopi. Izi ngendo zose zigomba kugenzurwa kugirango zihitemo ibirundo byinshi.
Abatezimbere ba Telesikopi bafite uburyo bwo gukora ibirindiro byinshi. Kugabanya ubujyakuzimu bwa buri gice kizafasha kugabanya gutandukana. Ibi bisaba ko convoyeur gukomeza kugenda nkibibamba byubaka. Gukenera kugenda guhora bituma bikenewe mukora telefone ya telesikopi. Hariho uburyo bwinshi butandukanye bwo gufata, bimwe muribyo bihendutse ariko bifite aho bigarukira, mugihe ibindi byateguwe kandi bitanga byoroshye guhinduka mubiremwa.
Iyo umukinnyi watangiye gukusanya ibikoresho, yimuka mugihe atwara ibikoresho. Umuyoboro wimuka kugeza aho hantu hashyizwe kumurongo washyizwe kumurongo wa convestior ukururwa munzira ya radiyo. Imbaruzi ishyirwa muburebure bwa ARC ikora ishaka umukandara wimuka. Muri kano kanya, convoyeri izagera kure intera iteganijwe hanyuma itangira kwimuka mubindi biganiro. Iyi mikorere irakomeza kugeza umurongo wa conseir utunganijwe no kwaguka ntarengwa kandi igice cya mbere kirarangiye.
Iyo urwego rwa kabiri rwubatswe, inama itangira gukuramo kwaguka, igenda cyane kandi ikomatanya kuri arcuate. Wubake ibice kugeza igihe cyo guhinduranya cyashyizwe ku ruziga rushyigikiwe gikora kuri ikirundo.
ConUrize izamuka kure hanyuma utangire kuzamura kwa kabiri. Buri muzenguruko urashobora kuba ugizwe nibice byinshi, bitewe numuvuduko wibikoresho. Kuzamura kwa kabiri bisa nuwambere, kandi rero kugeza ikirundo cyose cyubatswe. Igice kinini cyikiruki cyavuyemo ni ugutwi kwigunga, ariko hari hejuru yumutwe wa buri kirundo. Ibi ni ukubera ko abakandaga badashobora guhita bahindura umwanya wo kugabanya cyangwa ibintu bikoreshwa kugirango bibere. Gusubiramo imipaka bihinduka bigomba guhinduka kugirango birenzeho ntabwo ashyingura umuyoboro wa convestior.