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Mu mezi make ashize, umwotsi uva mu mitsi nini hanze y'umujyi wa Meerut muri Uttar Pradesh.Uruganda rukora isukari mu ntara y’amajyaruguru yUbuhinde rutunganya umukandara muremure wa fibrous wibihingwa mugihe cyo gusya ibisheke, kuva mu Kwakira kugeza Mata.Imyanda y'ibimera itose iratwikwa kugirango itange amashanyarazi, kandi umwotsi wavuyemo umanika ahantu nyaburanga.Nubwo, nubwo bigaragara nkibikorwa, itangwa ryibisheke ryo kugaburira inganda mubyukuri riragabanuka.
Arun Kumar Singh, umuhinzi w’ibisheke w’imyaka 35 ukomoka mu mudugudu wa Nanglamal, nko mu masaha y’igice uvuye i Meerut, afite impungenge.Mu gihe cy’ihinga 2021-2022, igihingwa cy’ibiti cya Singh cyaragabanutseho hafi 30% - ubusanzwe yiteze kg 140.000 mu murima we wa hegitari 5, ariko umwaka ushize yungutse ibiro 100.000.
Singh yashinje ubushyuhe bw’umwaka ushize, ibihe by'imvura idahwitse ndetse n’udukoko twangiza udukoko twinshi.Yavuze ko gukenera cyane ibisheke bishishikariza abahinzi guhinga imbuto nshya, zitanga umusaruro mwinshi ariko zidahinduka.Yerekeje ku murima we, yagize ati: “Ubu bwoko bwatangijwe hashize imyaka umunani gusa kandi bukenera amazi menshi buri mwaka.Ibyo ari byo byose, mu karere kacu nta mazi ahagije afite. ”
Umuganda ukikije Nanglamala ni ikigo gikora Ethanol ikomoka ku isukari kandi ikaba iri muri leta nini yo mu Buhinde ikora ibisheke.Ariko muri Uttar Pradesh no mu Buhinde, umusaruro w'ibisheke uragabanuka.Hagati aho, guverinoma nkuru irashaka ko uruganda rukora isukari rukoresha ibisheke bisagutse kugira ngo bitange Ethanol nyinshi.
Ethanol irashobora kuboneka muri estrochemique cyangwa muri sukari, ibigori ningano, izwi nka bioethanol cyangwa ibinyabuzima.Kubera ko ibyo bihingwa bishobora kuvugururwa, ibicanwa bishyirwa mu isoko ry’ingufu zishobora kubaho.
Ubuhinde butanga isukari irenze iyo ikoresha.Mu gihembwe cya 2021-22 byatanze toni miliyoni 39.4 z'isukari.Guverinoma ivuga ko imikoreshereze y’imbere mu gihugu igera kuri toni miliyoni 26 ku mwaka.Kuva mu mwaka wa 2019, Ubuhinde burwanya isukari mu kohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi (toni zirenga miliyoni 10 umwaka ushize), ariko abaminisitiri bavuga ko ari byiza kuyikoresha mu musaruro wa Ethanol kuko bivuze ko inganda zishobora gutanga umusaruro vuba.Kwishura no kubona amafaranga menshi.gutemba.
Raporo y’ikigo cy’ibitekerezo cya Leta Niti Aayog ivuga ko Ubuhinde nabwo butumiza peteroli ku bwinshi: toni miliyoni 185 za lisansi muri 2020-2021 ifite agaciro ka miliyari 55 z'amadolari.Kubwibyo, kuvanga Ethanol na lisansi birasabwa nkuburyo bwo gukoresha isukari, idakoreshwa imbere mu gihugu, mugihe hagerwaho ubwigenge bwingufu.Niti Aayog avuga ko 20:80 ivanze na Ethanol na lisansi bizakiza igihugu byibuze miliyari 4 z'amadolari ku mwaka mu 2025. Umwaka ushize, Ubuhinde bwakoresheje toni miliyoni 3.6, cyangwa hafi 9%, by'isukari mu musaruro wa Ethanol, kandi irateganya kugera kuri toni miliyoni 4.5-5 muri 2022-2023.
Mu 2003, Guverinoma y'Ubuhinde yatangije gahunda ya lisansi ivanze na Ethanol (EBP) ifite intego ya mbere ya 5% ivangwa na Ethanol.Kugeza ubu, Ethanol igizwe na 10 ku ijana bivanze.Guverinoma y'Ubuhinde yihaye intego yo kugera kuri 20% muri 2025-2026, kandi politiki ni inyungu-kuko “izafasha Ubuhinde gushimangira umutekano w’ingufu, kwemerera ubucuruzi n’abahinzi kugira uruhare mu bukungu bw’ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya. ”gushinga inganda zisukari no kwaguka, kuva 2018 leta itanga gahunda yinkunga nubufasha bwamafaranga muburyo bwinguzanyo.
Guverinoma yagize ati: "Imiterere ya Ethanol itera gutwika burundu no kugabanya imyuka y’ibinyabiziga nka hydrocarbone, monoxyde de carbone na selile". imyuka ihumanya ikirere.na 30%.20% ugereranije na lisansi.
Iyo yatwitse, Ethanol itanga imyuka ya CO2 20-40% ugereranije na lisansi isanzwe kandi irashobora gufatwa nkibidafite aho bibogamiye kuko ibimera bikurura CO2 uko bikura.
Icyakora, abahanga baraburira ko ibyo birengagiza ibyuka bihumanya ikirere muri Ethanol itanga.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku binyabuzima muri Amerika mu mwaka ushize bwerekanye ko Ethanol ishobora kugera kuri 24% cyane ya karubone kurusha lisansi bitewe n’imyuka iva mu guhindura imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, kongera ifumbire no kwangiza ibidukikije.Kuva mu 2001, hegitari 660.000 z'ubutaka mu Buhinde zahinduwe ibisheke nk'uko imibare ya leta ibigaragaza.
Impuguke mu by'ubuhinzi n’ubucuruzi, Devinder Sharma yagize ati: "Ethanol irashobora kuba nka karubone nk’amavuta ya peteroli bitewe n’ibyuka bihumanya biturutse ku mpinduka zikoreshwa mu butaka ku bihingwa, iterambere ry’amazi ndetse n’ibikorwa byose bya Ethanol".“Reba mu Budage.Tumaze kubimenya, ubu monocultures zaciwe intege. ”
Abahanga bafite impungenge kandi ko gahunda yo gukoresha ibisheke mu gukora Ethanol ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku kwihaza mu biribwa.
Sudhir Panwar, umuhanga mu by'ubuhinzi akaba yarahoze mu bagize komisiyo ishinzwe igenamigambi rya Leta ya Uttar Pradesh, yavuze ko uko igiciro cy’ibisheke kizagenda giterwa n’amavuta, “kizitwa igihingwa cy’ingufu.”Agira ati: “Ibi bizaganisha ahantu henshi hashobora kwiharira, bizagabanya uburumbuke bw’ubutaka kandi bigatuma ibihingwa byibasirwa n’udukoko.Bizanateza ikibazo cyo kwihaza mu biribwa kuko ubutaka n'amazi bizoherezwa mu bihingwa bitanga ingufu. ”
Muri Uttar Pradesh, abayobozi b’ishyirahamwe ry’isukari mu Buhinde (ISMA) hamwe n’abahinzi b’ibisheke bo muri Uttar Pradesh batangarije The Pole ya gatatu ko muri iki gihe uduce twinshi tw’ubutaka tudakoreshwa mu bisheke kugira ngo tubone ibisabwa.Ahubwo, bavuga ko kwiyongera k'umusaruro biva ku musaruro usagutse ndetse n'ubuhinzi bukomeye.
Sonjoy Mohanty, umuyobozi mukuru wa ISMA, yavuze ko ubu Ubuhinde butanga isukari nyinshi bivuze ko “kugera kuri 20% bivanze na Ethanol bitazaba ikibazo.”Yongeyeho ati: "Kujya imbere, intego yacu ntabwo ari ukongera ubuso, ahubwo ni ukongera umusaruro kugira ngo umusaruro wiyongere".
Mu gihe inkunga ya leta hamwe n’ibiciro bya Ethanol byungukiye mu ruganda rw’isukari, umuhinzi wa Nanglamal Arun Kumar Singh yavuze ko abahinzi batigeze bungukirwa na politiki.
Ubusanzwe ibisheke bihingwa bivuye ku gutema kandi umusaruro ugabanuka nyuma yimyaka itanu kugeza kuri irindwi.Kubera ko uruganda rukora isukari rusaba sucrose nyinshi, abahinzi barasabwa guhinduranya ubwoko bushya no gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda nudukoko.
Singh yavuze ko usibye guhura n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere nk’ubushyuhe bw’umwaka ushize, ubwoko buri mu murima we uhingwa mu Buhinde, busaba buri mwaka ifumbire n’imiti yica udukoko.Ati: "Kubera ko nateye inshuro imwe gusa ku gihingwa, kandi rimwe na rimwe inshuro zirenze imwe, nateye inshuro zirindwi uyu mwaka".
Ati: “Icupa ryica udukoko rigura amadolari 22 kandi rikora kuri hegitari zigera kuri eshatu.Mfite hegitari 30 z'ubutaka kandi ngomba kuyitera inshuro zirindwi cyangwa umunani muri iki gihembwe.Guverinoma irashobora kongera inyungu zuruganda rwa Ethanol, ariko tubona iki.Igiciro cy'inkoni ni kimwe, amadorari 4 ku ijana [100 kg], ”ibi bikaba byavuzwe na Sundar Tomar, undi muhinzi ukomoka i Nanglamal.
Sharma yavuze ko umusaruro w’ibisheke wagabanije amazi y’ubutaka mu burengerazuba bwa Uttar Pradesh, akarere karimo impinduka z’imvura n’amapfa.Inganda zanduza kandi inzuzi zijugunya ibintu byinshi mu binyabuzima mu mazi y’amazi: uruganda rukora isukari nisoko nini y’amazi mabi muri leta.Sharma yavuze ko igihe nikigera, ibyo bizagora guhinga ibindi bihingwa, bikabangamira umutekano w’ibiribwa mu Buhinde.
Ati: “Muri Maharashtra, igihugu cya kabiri mu bihugu bitanga amasukari menshi mu gihugu, 70 ku ijana by'amazi yo kuhira akoreshwa mu guhinga ibisheke, bingana na 4 ku ijana by'ibihingwa bya Leta”.
Ati: “Twatangiye gutanga litiro miliyoni 37 za Ethanol ku mwaka kandi twabonye uruhushya rwo kwagura umusaruro.Ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro bwazanye abahinzi binjiza amafaranga ahamye.Twatunganije kandi amazi hafi ya yose y’uruganda, ”ibi bikaba byavuzwe na Rajendra Kandpal, umuyobozi mukuru., Uruganda rw'isukari rwa Nanglamal gusobanura.
Ati: “Tugomba kwigisha abahinzi kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire mvaruganda n’imiti yica udukoko hanyuma tugahindura kuhira imyaka cyangwa kumera.Ku bijyanye n'ibisheke, bifata amazi menshi, iyi ntabwo itera impungenge, kubera ko leta ya Uttar Pradesh ikungahaye ku mazi. ”Ibi byavuzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’isukari mu Buhinde (ISMA) Abinash Verma, wahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru.Verma yashyizeho kandi ishyira mu bikorwa politiki ya guverinoma yo hagati ku isukari, ibisheke na Ethanol, ifungura uruganda rwarwo rwa Ethanol muri Bihar mu 2022.
Hashingiwe kuri raporo zivuga ko igabanuka ry’ibisheke mu Buhinde, Panwar yihanangirije kwirinda gusubiramo uburambe bwa Berezile mu mwaka wa 2009-2013, igihe ikirere kibi cyatumaga umusaruro w’ibisheke ugabanuka ndetse n’umusaruro wa Ethanol ugabanuka.
Panwar yagize ati: "Ntidushobora kuvuga ko Ethanol yangiza ibidukikije, urebye ibiciro byose igihugu gifite cyo gukora Ethanol, igitutu ku mutungo kamere ndetse n'ingaruka ku buzima bw'abahinzi".
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