Gutezimbere uruganda rukora imashini zipakira. Mbere yo kwibohora, uruganda rwimashini zipakira ibintu byari bisanzwe. Ibicuruzwa byinshi ntibyari bikeneye gupakira, kandi ibicuruzwa bike byapakishijwe intoki, ntabwo rero havuzwe imashini yo gupakira. Gusa imijyi minini minini nka Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, na Guangzhou yari ifite imashini zuzuza byeri na soda hamwe n’imashini ntoya yo gupakira itabi yatumizwaga mu Bwongereza no muri Amerika.
Kwinjira mu myaka ya za 1980, kubera iterambere ryihuse ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu, kwaguka kwaguka mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga, no kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage mu buryo bugaragara, ibisabwa mu gupakira ibicuruzwa byarushijeho kwiyongera, kandi hakenewe byihutirwa ko gupakira bikoreshwa mu mashini no mu buryo bwikora, byateje imbere cyane inganda z’imashini zipakira. Inganda zipakira imashini zifite umwanya munini mubukungu bwigihugu. Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda zipakira ibicuruzwa, igihugu cyanjye cyagiye gikurikirana ibigo byinshi byubuyobozi n’imiryango y’inganda. Ishyirahamwe ry’ikoranabuhanga mu gupakira ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa ryashinzwe mu Kuboza 1980, Komite ishinzwe imashini zipakira mu ishyirahamwe ry’ikoranabuhanga mu bikoresho by’Ubushinwa ryashinzwe muri Mata 1981, n’ishoramari ry’Ubushinwa ryashinzwe nyuma.
Kuva mu myaka ya za 90, inganda zipakira imashini zazamutse ku kigereranyo cya 20% kugeza 30% ku mwaka, ibyo bikaba biri hejuru ya 15% kugeza kuri 17% ugereranije n’ikigereranyo cyo kwiyongera cy’inganda zose zipakira hamwe n’amanota 4.7 ku ijana ugereranyije n’ikigereranyo cyo kuzamuka kw’inganda zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu mashini gakondo. Inganda zipakira ibicuruzwa zahindutse inganda zingirakamaro kandi zingirakamaro cyane mubukungu bwigihugu cyanjye.
Hano mu gihugu cyanjye hari imishinga igera ku 1.500 ikora imirimo yo gupakira imashini zipakira, muri zo hafi 400 ni inganda zingana. Hariho ibyiciro 40 nubwoko burenga 2.700 bwibicuruzwa, harimo ibicuruzwa byinshi byujuje ubuziranenge bishobora guhaza isoko ryimbere mu gihugu kandi bikitabira amarushanwa mpuzamahanga ku isoko. Kugeza ubu, uruganda rw’imashini zipakira mu gihugu cyanjye rufite imishinga myinshi y’umugongo ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bw’iterambere, igizwe ahanini n’ibice bikurikira: inganda zimwe na zimwe zikomeye zahinduye ikoranabuhanga kandi zitanga imashini zipakira; inganda za gisivili-zabasivili ninganda zo mumijyi zifite urwego rwo hejuru rwiterambere. Mu rwego rwo kuzamura urwego rwa tekiniki rw’inganda zipakira ibicuruzwa, hashyizweho ibigo byinshi by’ubushakashatsi bw’imashini zipakira ndetse n’ibigo bishinzwe amakuru mu gihugu hose, kandi amashuri makuru na za kaminuza zimwe na zimwe zagiye zishyiraho ibijyanye n’ubuhanga bwo gupakira ibicuruzwa, bitanga ingwate ikomeye ya tekiniki yo guteza imbere inganda z’imashini zipakira ndetse no kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru ku isi vuba bishoboka.
Nubwo uruganda rw’imashini zipakira mu gihugu rwateye imbere byihuse, haracyari icyuho kinini ugereranije n’ibihugu byateye imbere mu bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, urwego rwa tekiniki ndetse n’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa. Ibihugu byateye imbere bimaze gukoresha tekinoloji y’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye nko kugenzura microcomputer, tekinoroji ya laser, ubwenge bw’ubukorikori, fibre optique, kumva amashusho, ama robo y’inganda, n’ibindi mu mashini zipakira, mu gihe ubwo buhanga buhanitse bwatangiye gukoreshwa mu nganda z’imashini zipakira mu gihugu cyanjye; igihugu cyanjye gipakira imashini zitandukanya ibicuruzwa bitandukanye ni 30% kugeza 40%; hari icyuho runaka mumikorere nuburyo bugaragara bwibikoresho byo gupakira. Tugomba rero gufata ingamba zikomeye kugirango turusheho kwihutisha iterambere ry’inganda zipakira kandi duharanira kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru ku isi vuba bishoboka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-06-2025